A few patients attempted to find balance through tapering drugs, limiting their use of breakthrough analgesic doses, or using alternative strategies. Conversely, some patients preferred pain management over cognitive preservation because of a desire to avoid suffering, an inability to sleep without medications, or an acceptance of some cognitive compromise. Some patients preferred cognitive preservation over pain management because of a sense that cognition is central to their identity, the desire to maintain lucidity, a desire to continue participating in work or hobbies, and fear of addiction. Interview recordings were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with patients receiving home-based palliative care from a program in Toronto, Canada. Our goal was to understand how patients’ decision making about pain medications balances the pain relief from those medications against the cognitive decline often associated with them. This balancing act presents a trade-off for patients between pain relief and adverse effects, where the desire to relieve pain must be evaluated against the desire to maintain cognitive clarity and may represent a difficult decision for patients receiving palliative care. While pain medication may help manage pain, unwanted cognitive side effects are frequently noted. Towards the end of life, use of opioid analgesics becomes more common in patients to control pain and improve quality of life.
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